This assessment of anaemia status of Sri Lankans was designed and implemented by the Department of Nutrition, Medical Research Institute of Department of Health Services, with financial assistance from UNICEF. The objective of the survey is to: 1) determine the prevalence of anaemia in children, adolescents and women of child bearing age, including pregnant women, 2) describe the geographic distribution of anaemia, 3) determine the association between anaemia and socio economic and other factors, 4) correlate dietary pattern with the prevalence of anaemia and 5) determine the association between anaemia and dietary pattern. The survey report comprises of 8 chapters. The chapters describe the survey organization including methods used, the characteristics of the study population elucidating the outcome of sample implementation, features the iron deficiency anaemia status and its distribution in different physiological groups together with zonal and provincial status, the relationship of anaemia with the behavioural factors and socio economic environment and finally, present an anthropometric analysis of the study population and its relationship to anaemia status of different physiological groups. An overall interpretation of the finds of the survey and a trend analysis, conclusions and recommendations are given in the final chapter.