With 400 million people living in abject poverty, violent conflicts in Afghanistan and Nepal, corruption and confrontational politics in Bangladesh and widespread ill health and illiteracy, especially in Northern India and Pakistan, facing the challenging question: ‘can South Asia end poverty in a generation?’ is daunting. This publication discusses and examines the current economic growth, inequality that is rising rapidly, human development and what can be done by citizens, governments and donors to end poverty in the South Asian region.