The prevailing issues faced by children in rural India are discussed in this report. Based on the lessons learnt from research (data from a survey of rural Indian households) and operational experience, this report provides suggestions of how these issues should be viewed and approached. It examines the natures of these problems and why they come about. The report suggests that policies such as the mere prohibition of child labour and the imposition of school attendance result in making the problems worse and are hard to enforce. It addresses more favourable policies that go far beyond direct impacts and in the long-run indirectly benefit issues such as the nutritional status of children, educational expenditure, school attendance and labour participation. The report deeply analyses the various avenues policymakers can take when dealing with these particular issues and makes such recommendations.