The objective of this series of studies is to assess the manner in which children’s rights are observed in Sri Lankan society. It focuses on a study carried out in a traditional Muslim village in the Gampaha District of the Western Province of Sri Lanka. The study seeks to investigate the socio-economic phenomena and the complexity of the problems so arisen have affected the life styles of the present day Muslims within a Sinhala majority, and also to speculate the strategies they have adopted to solved the complexities of these problems. Children are invariably a part of these strategies and the study envisages ascertaining the extent to which child rights are upheld in the process.