The groups and populations likely to be most harmed by climate change are the least responsible for causing it and have the least resources to cope with the consequences–this is the “double injustice”. It forms the background to climate negotiations between governments representing countries of the North and the South, but it also occurs within nations across the world. In light of this phenomenon, what are the distributional implications of current, fairly ambitious, policies to decarbonize the economy Based on research within rich countries of the Organisation for Economic Development and Co-operation (OECD), and building specifically on UK studies and data, this question is answered in two parts: within the Kyoto framework and beyond it. This paper complements the author's Report for the British Council on Climate Change and Public Policy Futures.