Armed conflict creates conditions under which many of the rights laid out in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) are undermined. The international community therefore, has a special duty to care and protect children exposed to armed conflict, civil strife and displacement. This duty requires agencies involved in preventative and emergency efforts to understand how children are affected by such adversities and to develop measures that mitigate the impact upon them. Due to this need to improve child-focused emergency responses during situations of conflict, the Children Affected by Armed Conflict Project was started, and the UNICEF Regional Office for South Asia undertook and initiated the first phase. This discussion document looks at children in Sri Lanka and their association with the civil war, through four dimensions: economic, physical impacts, socio cultural and educational life, and psycho-emotional issues.