This paper is part of a project titled “A History of Ethnic Conflict in Sri Lanka: Recollection, Reinterpretation and Reconciliation.” It examines Sri Lanka’s previous attempts at negotiation during the course of the civil war, through the lens of conflict resolution and transformation practice and theory. It also gives insight into what might have gone wrong and indicators of how a different course might be followed in future. The first section explores four fundamental elements: a process approach, a researched analysis, long term wider perspectives and preparation and professionalism that are missing from previous negotiation attempts. Thereafter the next section discusses some of the principles of negotiation and identifies how these principles can be included in the negotiation process. These articles are expected to reach many people, including scholars, media personnel, political activists and NGO personnel, provoking thought and discussion on a range of relevant subjects. Thereby, guiding decision makers at all levels when they aim to establish a viable framework for peace.