The Sri Lankan constitution particularly refers to preservation of the environment. However, the laws and regulations that are in place currently are not sufficient to deal with the rise in the demand on resources. This booklet looks at many different aspects of the environment that require protective legislation. One such area is land use, agriculture and soil conservation. This study recognises the importance of economic development in keeping with protection of the environment. It also recognises that land use is a public concern and therefore it recommends optimum public participation in finalising policies and legislation. This study also discusses areas such as forest and plant protection, fish and aquatic resources, wildlife conservation, mines and minerals, industries, transport, pesticides, dangerous substances, fertilizers and human settlements. Under each section, the study provides information regarding existing legislation. The environmental problems that occur are discussed in detail. Based on this, each section concludes with recommendations on how to revise the existing laws and regulations. This study gives the reader an extensive review of Sri Lanka’s environmental legislation and its’ need for reform.