As commissioned by the South Asia Partnership International, research was carried out to provide an overview of the contemporary small arms legislation in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Examining the existing legal frameworks relating to small arms is only one component of a much broader effort to halt the proliferation of small arms, and to reduce the number of these weapons in circulation. Improving relations among states in the region, transforming the political culture and societal norms will be crucial as well. This volume aims to provide useful background knowledge on the current legislative measures in place, in order to encourage their updating and strengthening where necessary, and further facilitating more rigorous implementation.