This report presents the results of an in-depth study of food security in Sri Lanka, a country emerging from decades of violent conflict and still recovering from the worst flooding in recent history. The assessment is the most wide-ranging study conducted by WFP in Sri Lanka and finds that a majority of the population in the Northern and Eastern parts of the island is food insecure, still re-building their lives and livelihoods which were severely impacted by conflict and compounding floods. In response to a slow recover, a comprehensive and intensified food security strategy is required. Targeted food assistance, as an important component of an overall livelihood development plan, is found to be imperative, particularly for severely food insecure and vulnerable groups.