This publication provides information on the nature of water resources in Sri Lanka and highlights the future water resource development and management. It addresses general hydrological characteristics, socio economic characteristics related to water resource, historical background to water resource management and the drivers for change in water related issues such as climate change, natural disasters, energy demand, land use changes etc. This publication also addresses the current use of water resources in the country, current state of the resources and the way issues should be responded to, including policy options.